Contradictory Characterisations of Women in Shakespeares Othello Essay

Contradictory Characterisations of Women in Shakespeare's Othello    Othello opens with a discussion between two men concerning the fate of a very beautiful woman named Desdemona. One of the men is distraught, having tried to win her love but miserably failed, and the other agrees that she is quite a prize. A prize is not just a name for Desdemona, as her humanity is lost somewhere along the way and she ceases to be anything but a prize to be won. Both men are angry and want to seek revenge against the man who won her, slandering Desdemona’s name in the process. Their superior and rival, the man who won Desdemona, is none other than Othello. Othello has proven the two men inferior, obtaining what they could not. The two other mistreated women in the play are Emilia and Bianca, all three viewed as nothing more than objects of lust.   Desdemona was born from a high-class Venetian family; Emilia is a servant; Bianca is a â€Å"whore,† incidentally a word that Desdemona refuses to use. Although they all belong to completely different classes, they are all abused by men and become the objects of their sex... ...rk: Penguin Books, 1968. Neely, Carol. "Women and Men in Othello" Critical Essays on Shakespeare's Othello. Ed. Anthony G. Barthelemy Pub. Macmillan New York, NY 1994. (page 68-90) Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos. Wayne, Valerie. â€Å"Historical Differences: Misogyny and Othello.† The Matter of Difference: Materialist Feminist Criticism of Shakespeare. Ed Valerie Wayne. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1991.

Homeostasis and Pain Management in Patient with Multisystem Failure Essay

A. Assessment of Patient The assessment of Mrs. Baker should include vital signs including pulse oximetry. Given her difficulty in breathing, lung sounds should be auscultated. Because she is on two different medications that could affect blood pressure, lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), hypotension could be one cause of her collapsing. In addition to vital signs, decreased peripheral pulses and capillary refill can also be indicators of hypotension. Also, because HCTZ is a diuretic, dehydration should be considered. Since she was in her backyard when she collapsed, it could be that she was doing yard work. Thus, it is important to know what she was doing before she collapsed. The outside temperature and whether Mrs. Baker became overheated or drank enough fluids could be useful factors in assessing her fluid-electrolyte balance. Serum electrolyte levels and vital signs should be taken, and color and skin turgor should be assessed. Dehydration could also contribute to hypotension. Mrs. Baker should be placed on a cardiac monitor and an EKG obtained to rule out any dysrhythmias. Given Mrs. Baker’s respiratory symptoms and her history of hypertension and diabetes (which are the two biggest risk factors for congestive heart failure), a chest x-ray should be done. Arterial blood gases could assist in further assessing her oxygenation, as well as acid-base balance. Also, since Mrs. Baker is a diabetic, a blood glucose level should be done, since hypoglycemia could be a cause of her mental status changes. When Mrs. Baker is alert, pain can be assessed through a verbal â€Å"numbers† scale, or a â€Å"faces† scale if she is mildly confused. When she becomes unresponsive, non-verbal indicators of discomfort should be observed, such as muscle tension, grimace, and grunting. B. Technological Tools A stethoscope is an essential assessment tool. It is needed to assess breath sounds, heart sounds, and perhaps assist in taking the blood pressure. A stethoscope works by amplifying internal sounds through a diaphragm and transmitting them through a hollow tube to the earpieces. (Schunk, p. 1) The sounds can be interpreted by a skilled assessor and used to make a diagnosis and prescribe treatment. In Mrs. Baker’s case, it would be extremely important to listen to her lung sounds to determine if there are changes associated with atelectasis, or more likely, to assess for fluid sounds in the lungs, which would be an indicator of congestive heart failure. If a manual blood pressure measurement is being taken, the stethoscope would also be essential to listening for restored peripheral blood flow as the pressure in the cuff is being released. The benefit of a stethoscope is that it is a simple tool that can be used to easily obtain an initial assessment of a patient’s breath sounds while waiting on more complicated assessments, such as blood gases and chest x-rays. If a manual blood pressure cuff is not available, blood pressure will probably be obtained using an electronic blood pressure device such as a Dinamap. A blood pressure measurement, as well as other vital signs, would be key in determining whether Mrs. Baker was suffering from hypotension related to her new medication, lisinopril. A manual blood pressure cuff has the benefit of being more accurate at extremely high or extremely low pressures, while an electronic device, such as a Dinamap, can be set to automatically check blood pressure at regular intervals. Many cardiac monitors also have blood pressure capabilities built in, so that may be an option for obtaining blood pressure. A cardiac monitor would be used for Mrs. Baker to watch for arrhythmias, which could be caused by lisinopril, or be another sign of congestive heart failure or an acute myocardial infarction. Mrs. Baker has a history of hypertension and diabetes, which are the two greatest risk factors for heart disease. An electrocardiogram (EKG) would be useful for diagnosing heart disease or damage as well. A cardiac monitor is essential in continuous monitoring of the patient, but a 12 lead EKG has the benefit of being able to better pinpoint the specific areas of the heart that are affected or damaged. Blood sugar can be obtained from a drop of blood with a glucometer such as One Touch, or it may be obtained along with the serum chemistry and electrolyte analyses from the lab. A glucometer is a quick and easy way of determining the blood glucose level. Mrs. Baker is a diabetic, and is on an antidiabetic drug, Metformin. Her change in mental status could be due to low blood sugar. This would be easily diagnosed with a glucometer, and easily treated with IV glucose, so it should be one of the first assessments made. A glucometer has the benefit of being a quicker and easier way to obtain a blood sugar level, while a serum glucose may be more accurate at extremely high or low levels. Pulse oximetry can be done with a dedicated pulse oximeter, or it may also be built in to the capabilities of the cardiac monitor. Since Mrs. Baker is suffering from respiratory difficulty, it is essential to find out her blood oxygen saturation level. An arterial blood gas would not only be helpful in giving a more precise measurement of arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide, it would also give useful information about the pH of her blood and the bicarbonate level. Pulse oximetry has the benefit of alerting caregivers to acute changes in blood oxygenation level, while arterial blood gases gives a more detailed picture of the of the state of gas exchange in the lungs Serum electrolytes would be measured by the laboratory. These would be helpful in diagnosing dehydration and/or kidney function. Electrolytes are also essential in cardiac function. In fact, serum electrolytes are a good overall way to assess homeostasis in a patient. A radiographer will use an X-ray machine to obtain the chest x-ray, either in the radiology department, or will use a portable model. A chest x-ray is another way to assess respiratory function. A chest x-ray could show fluid in the lungs, as well as atelectasis or infiltrate. It would also show cardiomegaly, which is another indicator of congestive heart failure. A portable chest x-ray would be beneficial, as it would not require Mrs. Baker to be taken from the emergency department. Finally, if Mrs. Baker has been a patient at this facility before, the Electronic Medical Record can make it easy to find information on her past medical history. This is an improvement over medical records of years past, which usually had to be located in extensive file cabinets or even on microfiche. Sometimes these records were lost or misfiled. Electronic Medical Records are usually easy to locate. C. Data Collection Prioritization Vital signs, pulse oximetry, and a visual assessment should always be the first assessments performed on a patient. The severity of the vital signs will determine whether emergency life-support interventions need to be initiated at once, and will give the caregivers clues to what needs to be looked at next. Since hypoglycemia is an emergency situation, a finger-stick blood sugar should be the next assessment formed. And since Mrs. Baker is having respiratory difficulty, breath sounds should be assessed as soon as possible to determine what measures need to be taken to insure adequate ventilation. Lab work, x-rays, and other tests should be done after the initial assessments, since the results will take longer to obtain. D. Pain Assessment Comparison In alert and oriented patients with no cognitive impairments, the best way to measure pain is to use the â€Å"numbers† scale. Using this scale, you have the patient rate their pain on a scale from 0 to 10, with 0 being no pain, and 10 being the worst pain they can imagine. Pain is subjective, meaning that it can only be judged by the person in pain, and not by an observing party. The numbers scale gives an easy way for a person to tell her nurse the level of her pain, and to judge how much it is relieved by interventions. A geriatric patient who is alert but has mild cognitive impairments may be confused by numbers, but can be given the Wong Baker faces pain scale to help to measure their pain in the same way as the numbers scale. A patient who is not alert or who is unconscious is obviously not going to be able to describe her pain to her caregiver. In this case, the caregiver will have to observe the patient for non-verbal signs of discomfort. These include grimace, muscle tension, increase heart rate, respirations, or blood pressure, and moaning or grunting. E. Pain Management If Mrs. Baker was not alert enough to respond to questions but was showing signs of pain, and given the standing orders of acetaminophen or morphine, I would elect to give the patient morphine. The patient is not alert enough to take any medication by mouth, and an oral medication will take longer to work. Intravenous Morphine works very quickly, and may decrease the work of breathing in patients with congestive heart failure. The caregiver should reassess the patient’s pain after giving any pain medications. In the case of a non-alert patient, the caregiver would look for signs such as stabilization of vital signs and muscle relaxation. I have learned that the geriatric patient has a decrease in physiologic reserve, and therefore there is a shorter time between changes in homeostasis and a state of shock. Because of this, when an elderly patient is showing signs of distress, assessment and interventions should be done quickly to improve outcome. I also learned that an elderly patient may live their everyday life with a certain level of chronic pain, so when they complain of acute pain, it should be taken seriously and treated promptly. F. Team Members Mrs. Elli Baker may have been assessed initially by an EMT or paramedic, if emergency medical services had been called to transport her to the emergency room. Upon arrival, she would have been assessed by a nurse, and at the same time or shortly thereafter, the emergency room physician. The nurse would have obtained vital signs, applied the cardiac monitor, and obtained the finger stick blood sugar, while the physician would have given an initial set of orders. A respiratory therapist would have probably been called, given her respiratory difficulties, and an EKG technician would have been called to do an electrocardiogram. Labs may have been drawn by a phlebotomist or a nurse, and the arterial blood gases would have been obtained by the respiratory therapist or a phlebotomist, depending on the facility’s policy. Finally, a radiology technician would have performed the chest x-ray. When the nurse noticed that Mrs. Baker became unresponsive and started having more difficulty breathing, she would have notified the physician of the changes and called any necessary support staff to assist with Mrs. Baker’s immediate care.

Physical And Cognitive Development Of Children Essay

Physical and Cognitive Development in the Children In the book Child Development An Active Learning Approach, it states that the sequence of motor milestones happen in the same way for most babies around the world. This fact indicates that motor development is strongly controlled by our genes, which dictates the expected sequence of the development (page 193). In researching the physical development of children I learned that there are two forms of motors skills. Fine motors skills which use small muscle movements and gross motors skills which uses the larger muscles of the body. We know that brain development is necessary for motor skills development, from the time babies are born they have a set of involuntary, pattern motor responses called reflexes that are controlled by the lower brain centers and that help them respond to some of the stimuli in the environment (page 188). As a newborn develops through the the first few months of life the reflexes disappear and are replaced by v oluntary and intentional actions. These reflexes can been seen in a child development as early as being in the mothers womb. Some examples of these reflexes can be scene in the ultrasound as they are moving around, or sucking their thumb. Other reflexes are the sucking reflex, stepping reflect or palmar reflex. These reflexes can stay until the baby is between 2-6 months old. Small motor skills involve small movements, mostly of the hands and fingers, but also the lip and tongue. Some findShow MoreRelatedImportance Of Vaccination On Children s Physical And Cognitive Development1697 Words   |  7 Pagesarticles Qualitative or Quantitative? Bloom, D, Canning, D, Shenoy, E 2012, The effect of vaccination on children s physical and cognitive development in the Philippines , Applied Economics, 44, 21, pp. 2777-2783, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 19 May 2015. 1. 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Elawady MD2, Doaa Mohammad MSC1 Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt1 Community Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt2 Abstract Background: Our lives become saturated with technology and mobile phones are an essential part of our daily activity, and many of our entertainment is provided through theRead MorePhysical Exercise and Cognitive Functioning in Children1691 Words   |  7 Pagesat if physical exercise will help the healthy cognitive development in children and adolescence and this paper will illustrate that the same facts are true for children and adolescence, and will stress the importance of exercise for children optimal brain development and growth. The current studies show that physical activity has a positive effect on attention, neuroplasticity and intellectual development in children and adolescence. 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Personal Philosophy My Educational Philosophy - 1452 Words

When I first set out to write my educational philosophy, I had absolutely no idea what to write about, to be perfectly honest. So, I thought that I would start with the most essential aspect of an educational philosophy: why do I want to become a teacher? The reason why I want to teach is because I want to be able to impact young people’s lives and help them to learn how to become successful citizens in our world. I feel that it is important that no matter what students do with their lives, they are given a firm structure of practical life skills, so that they are set-up to be as successful and productive as possible. I strive to be able to help students learn how to become consumers who make responsible choices. This involves teaching the students how to build heathy relationships, make wise food choices, manage their money, and more. I feel that the purpose of education is to help students become as well-prepared as possible for what the real world is like, as well as assist ing them to discover what career path they want to pursue so that they can achieve their personal goals. My role as an educator is to help students to develop crucial life skills and guide them to make choices that will benefit them in the future. I do not have a preference of what type of students I want to teach, nor what type of school settings: urban, suburban or rural; affluent schools as well as low-income schools. I would really like to teach middle school students, because they are at a timeShow MoreRelatedMy Philosophy And Philosophy Of Personal Educational Philosophy1042 Words   |  5 PagesIt is true that many educators do not know what their educational philosophy is. 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Demographic Information Of Client Jennifer - 1450 Words

Demographic Information of Client Jennifer is a 34-year-old Caucasian female. She currently lives in Terre Haute, Indiana with her Hispanic boyfriend. Currently unemployed, Jennifer is considered to be in the lower middle class and does not receive food stamps or TANF services. She was born in Paris, Illinois in August of 1981. Her parents still live in the house she grew up in and her younger brother frequently visits both his parents and Jennifer’s home. The client’s approximate weight is 220 pounds and her approximate height is five feet, six inches. Jennifer reported earning her GED degree and has no plans to earn a higher education degree. The client reports that she is a â€Å"Christian woman† and practices as a â€Å"Catholic†. The client reaffirmed her religious ways stating â€Å"I believe in God, Heaven and Hell.† When asked about her sexual orientation, the client described herself as a heterosexual woman and stated â€Å"I prefer Hispan ic men†. 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Report Deals With the Several Ethical Dilemmas Such As Unexpected

Question: Discuss About the Interpretation and Analysis of the Ethical Dilemma? Answer: Introduction As stated by the Bench-Capon Dunne, (2007), artificial intelligence is the ability of a machine to reproduce intelligence human behavior. In recent self driving cars are speedily evolving technologies that is only some time ago was motionless considered science friction. In such a dynamic manner, quick intuitions can be change misconceptions and misleading regarding the technology and its influence as well as the nature of the technology innovation procedures abound. This present report is focused on the ethical dilemma associated with the artificial intelligence and how it responses as per the typical situations. The report also provided the recommendation regarding the ethical dilemmas. Analysis Interpretation and analysis of the ethical dilemma Self driving cars struggle when they suffered with the unpredictable situations or variable environment. Car that achieves update, maps and other information from the cloud will also be issues to hacking. As in the given scenario it has been seen that john is accountable towards the customers and has to make sure that their wellbeing and health safety is considered. Therefore in order to make sure better safety and security procedures john want that the company should have to test and modeling car. As stated by the Nilsson, (2014) ethical dilemmas are unexpected encounters, sensing the soundings, cyber security are the issues associated with the self driving car or artificial intelligence. In addition to this, self driving car not be able to determine the quick decision or handle unexpected scenario. Implementation of the technology in car crates problem for both customers as well as AI consultant i.e. John. In technology ear, self driving car technology is more demandable due to its attractive features, so that most of the automobiles organization now working in this technology to achieve higher benefits (Cohen Feigenbaum, 2014). Introduction of the AI technology in Car have positive as well as negative impact on both customers as well as John. For example a self driving car works on the images and picture so that if for some reason the images not recognized the object then it creates cause for the person. In addition to this, the algorithm that has been implemented in AI required updated regularly for better performance. The most vital issues that the customers encountered are about decision making procedures i.e. AI use random generated number to make decision in critical situation. As in the case of human decision making procedures self driving car may perform differently whe n face same condition in different situations. AI is programmed in such a manner that does something benefits but it develops a destructive manner for accomplishing its objective. Such as in intelligence car or self driving car to take person airport as fast as possible then it might work as helicopters and tries to achieve those (Forsyth Ponce, 2003) Thus in such situation it not only hamper the individuals but also create problems for others Use of ethical modals and approaches Principle and procedure are consistently implemented when it is incorporated in the equal manner to similar being in similar circumstance. Ethical theories and models in AI are deontological theories, teleological theories, and relative theory, ethic decision making theories etc. So that the main reponsiblteis of the programmer to implements these theories in algorithm in such a manner that the self drive car perform effectively in critical situations. Thus in such scenario the main roles and responsible is of the AI consultant is to test the car in all critical situations (Nilsson, 2014). As per the given scenario it has been seen that the company promotes the car in market with not testing and modeling the self driving car. Therefore in such manner the reponsiblteis associated with the AI consultant is to not provide clear sign without testing the car because it not only hamper the company brand name but also hamper the individuals lives. Therefore in such a manner that the consult ant of AI needs to make sure that the all model and application are effectively work and implemented in the AI algorithm. Moreover, AI consultant needs to make sure that the self driving car not harm anyone and perform efffecvely and correctly in critical situations. With the help of use of the model and approaches of the ethics John achieve better or high client satisfaction. Application of ACS code ACS establishes code of ethics such as enhancement of the quality of life, competence, honesty, professionalism, professional development and honesty. The main roles and reponsiblteis of the ACS are to achieve better quality of services and products. So that, the oratgnizaiton who deals with the AI technology, must have to implement ACS rules and regulation in its organization. If the company is not being able to fulfill the rules and regulation established by the ACS then they may be punished by the government (ACS, 2015). Application of the Australia computer society code necessitated the human resources of the organization to respect the intangible properties of others. The main purpose of the code is to focus on conserving the reliable, security and use of the ICT resources. ACS code helps to look after the involvement and prohibits miscounts in surrounding of information communication technology. Australia computer society code helps the organization to achieve better quality of produces and goods. Therefore form the analysis and findings it has been said that automobile organization must need to incorporate all rule and regulation in self driving car technogly. Use of this code of ethics helps both clients to gain higher quality of products as well as helps the organization to accomplish higher clients satisfaction in vital and effective manner. Implmentiaon of the AI technology helps the organization to determine risks and make sure higher quality of assurance in vital and successful manner. Therefore in such manner the organization needs to deliver its products and services in market after completion of the testing procedures. Therefore from the discussion it has been said that organization gain better clients satisfaction and profits after implementation of ASC code of ethics in its workplace. Analysis beyond the particular subtasks As per the analysis and evaluation of the study it has been said that AI consultant i.e. john cannot be held accountability for passing the self driving car because without testing and moldering car hampered individuals live in effective manner. John said that IT manager as well as CEO of the company regarding the issues that the company need not launch the car before testing and modeling the products. The findings also show that organization not effectively implemented ACS code of ethics. So that in such situation it has been recommended that john need to make effective action of car AI system. Proposed resolution of the dilemma From the findings and evaluation it has been recommended that organization needs to incorporate ASC code of ethics in its workplace. Use of this procedure not only helps the campy to produce quality of product but also helps the organization to achieve high profits and revenues from the market. In addition to this, it has been proposed that before launch the car products or any AI products organization must have to check or implement the testing procedures. The testing procedure makes sure that product is ready to use. Conclusion From the above findings and discussion it has been said that AI has positive as well as negative impact on human. The above findings indicate that if an organization incorporates all ASC rules and regulation in vital manner then they gain better performance and achieve high satisfaction. Thus the findings show that use of the ACS code in AI is quite effective as it helps the customers to achieve its objective in easy and successful manner. References Bench-Capon, T. J., Dunne, P. E. (2007). Argumentation in artificial intelligence.Artificial intelligence,171(10-15), 619-641. ACS Code of Professional Conduct Professional Standards Board Australian Computer Society.(2015)(1sted.).Retrievedfrom Nilsson, N. J. (2014).Principles of artificial intelligence. Morgan Kaufmann. Cohen, P. R., Feigenbaum, E. A. (Eds.). (2014).The handbook of artificial intelligence(Vol. 3). Butterworth-Heinemann. Forsyth, D. A., Ponce, J. (2003). A modern approach.Computer vision: a modern approach, 88-101. Jones, M. T. (2015).Artificial Intelligence: A Systems Approach: A Systems Approach. Jones Bartlett Learning

International Development of China

Thesis statement: Most problems associated with the third world are attributed to colonialism. Some however blame the historical events. This paper analyzes developmental aspects of china in pre-colonial, colonial, post-colonial and contemporary epoch.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on International Development of China specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Source: Lonely planet Pre-colonial China (1700-1919) The Qing Empire governed China before foreigners interfered with its sovereignty in the 19th century. The influence of the traditional monarch led by Xian Feng faded so fast after the British started to export opium to the state. Opium was used by Chinese as sedative hence its higher demand. The Qing Empire opposed the move by proscribing the use of opium in the state. The British fought back by forcing Chinese to enter into an accord referred to as Treaty of Nanking. Subsequently, the USA, France, Russia and Japan entered into a number of unbalanced accords with the Qing regime. China therefore became a feudal and majestic state (Murray and Crawfurd 102). During Tong Zhi and Xu Guang regime, China developed a hostile foreign policy since the management of state affairs was under custodianship (Fung 17). The two boys could not rule because they were too young. Their mother was appointed to take care of state affairs on behave of the boys. The mother ruled without consultation making the Chinese foreign policy to be hawkish. It is at this time that foreigners intensified their interests and at times conquered the empire. Qing Empire started losing control shortly after the Cixi (mother) assumed state powers (Ankerl 56).Advertising Looking for case study on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Qing empire could not survive any more first because of the injustices it had done to people and secondly due to external pressures. The mo narch had been accused of bribery and misallocation of public funds. Pressure had mounted locally since various groups and factions attacked the empire demanding for resignation of top officials and appointment of sound leaders. A number of insurgency groups emerged for instance the Taiping uprising and the Jun Nian revolution. Simultaneously, executive committee members such as Li Hongzhang and Zuo Zongtang attempted to salvage the empire by designing policies aimed at releasing public tension. In spite of their attempts to implement change, they could not stop Japan’s conquest of China. Advisors to the monarchy were also concerned about the system of administration because the empire decided to use the military in managing state affairs (Blecher 59). The counselors to the monarch requested the emperor to stop using force and institute a legal system that would respond to the wishes of the majority. Indeed, the emperor heeded to their call and accepted to form an egalitarian society. This change lasted just for 103 days because the state was taken over by the foreign powers. At this era, nationalism reached its spasm and many unsung champions surrendered their lives to the struggle against foreign penetration. The state was traumatized because many people lost their lives and the loved ones. In 1911, the Sun Zhongshan’s Xin Hai insurgency terminated the longest feudal culture in China. Emperor Pu Yi was requested to resign after the war and that served as a turning point to the Chinese political system. Colonial China (Late 1800s-1930) Many foreign powers were interested in annexing Chinese land because of its productivity and endowment in natural resources. All major powers such as French, British, Japanese and Americans developed interest. The world powers considered China to be with great potential for doing business. In 1840, the British kingdom launched the deadliest attacks in China with an aim of capturing the modern day Hong Kong. After some years, Hong Kong was changed from stony undeveloped hilly region to a major route of trade. Through the opium conflict and a series of agreements, the British were capable of legally taking over the region until 1997 (Abramson 87). The British signed a contract with mainland China, which them permission to retain the colony and do business for quite some years.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on International Development of China specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The British encountered several problems while in Hong Kong mainly because of extreme variations between Eastern and Western beliefs and customs. Hong Kong was one of the earliest central Asian regions to develop and industrialize. The region benefited from foreigners because the foreign powers developed it as if it was their land. In the 18th century, the British kingdom was firmly established in business and invasion around the globe intensified . China was the major provider of tea to British, who were locally using 30 million pounds of Chinese tea by 1830. From the British financial perspective, Chinese tea was an essential product because it offered gigantic capital to the taipans (outsiders such as British colonists and businesspersons in China). Taxation of tea contributed 10% of the total government income (Laufer 54). The British ambassadors never wanted to support the royal leader of China since they considered him a religious boss (Benn 70). Many Britons perceived Chinese majesty as a divine body and would relatively treat it as an equal partner in development. On the other hand, members of the Qing Empire and judges viewed the British emissaries as uncultured outsiders stringently in China for tea, silk and other Far East merchandise. Conversely, Chinese societal structure based on Confucian values ranked traders comparatively low (less than farmers did and over slaves) because they were regarded as people who sim ply aimed at acquiring property (Feuerwerker 39). The British supplied cheap goods to Chinese financial system such as clocks watches and musical boxes. The Chinese paid heavenly for such goods since they supplied tea in return. Such cheap goods were not sufficient to pay off for the trade inequity. Ankerl observes that the activities of the state during colonialism were full of, propaganda, fear, gossip, uprisings, rebellions and immigration or displacement of persons.Advertising Looking for case study on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The role of Hong Kong as a political safe place for Chinese political immigrants further strengthened its position and few major efforts to relapse its ownership were initiated in the early 20th century (Blecher 79). Both Chinese Marxists and separatist activists found safe haven in the region when they did not dynamically participate in the chaos in China (Ankerl 41). Struggle for Independence (1925-1928) After Sun’s demise in March 1925, Chiang Kai-shek happened to be the boss of the KMT. In 1926, Chiang guided the Northern Expedition through China with the aim of crushing the terrorists and unifying China. Chiang got the assistance of the Soviet Union though he shortly fired his Soviet counselors (Abramson 111). He was sure that the USSR wanted to chuck out the separatists and capture the powers of the region. Chiang chose to hit first and eliminated the socialists, murdering thousands of them. Simultaneously, other brutal inconsistencies were happening in China. In the So uth, where the Leninists were in greater numbers, separatist followers were being annihilated. These actions finally caused Chinese Civil warfare. Chiang Kai-shek pressed the socialists into the center as he wanted to obliterate them and institute an administration with Nanking as its headquarters in 1927 (MacFarquhar 7). By 1928, Chiang’s military seized the Beiyang regime and united the whole country at least technically. Basing on the Sun Yat-sen’s premise, the KMT was to reconstruct China in three stages. A stage of martial rule would be the first where the KMT would capture authority and unite China by force. The second stage pertained to political protection and lastly a constitutional self-governing stage would follow. In 1930, the nationalists embarked on serious implementation of the second agenda (Woodward 112). They publicized an interim constitution for political sponsorship and initiated the alleged protection phase. They were condemned for setting up desp otism but alleged they were trying to institute a contemporary egalitarian society (Feis 67). Among others, they formed the university, the Central reservoir and other organizations. Nation Development The Republic of China was under military rule from 1948 to 1987 and much of the constitution was never applied. Political change started in the late 1970s and went on until 1990s. The reforms opened up the ROC society converting it from a dictatorial tyrannical state into a multiparty classlessness society (Fairbank 98). After abolition of military rule, the Republic of China democratized and transformed fully. In 2000, the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) assumed the ROC administration. This ended the ROC’s authoritarian rule under the KMT. In May 2005, a legislative body was formed. It decreased the number of senate seats and realized a number of reforms. These changes have been approved since the legislature has chosen to eliminate itself and relocate the power of constitu tional restructuring to the citizens (Teiwes and Warren 11). Source: The economist, world human development Current Issues The leading political subject in the ROC is its rapport with the PRC. For about 60 years, there were no straight transportation relations as well as direct air travels between Taiwan and mainland China. This was a setback for many Taiwanese who had plants or other businesses in mainland China. The DPP regime feared that such relations would cause rigid monetary and political unity in mainland China. In 2006, Chen Shui-bian requested for controlled opening of relations (Korotayev 17). Other important political topics consist of the approval of weapons procurement bill endorsed by the United States 2001. In 2008, the United States was unwilling to convey more weapons to Taiwan fearing that it would obstruct the current relations between the two states. Another major political issue is the formation of a National Communications Commission to inherit the defunct Go vernment Information Office (Wilkinson 17). Source: The economist, world human development The political leaders as well as their parties are currently the sources of conflicts. Bribery and misallocation of public funds among some DPP executives has been witnessed. In early 2006, Chen Shui-bian was associated with dishonesty. The political outcome on President Chen Shui-bian was enormous leading to split in the DPP management. It finally precipitated the formation of a political wing guided by ex-DPP Principal Shih Ming-the. The immense wealth possessed by KMT is another main concern, as it was formerly the wealthiest political party in the earth. The grant corruption in government has affected the image of China in the international system (Terrill 8). Chinese have been labeled as fraudulent because their president was accused of money laundering. Works Cited Abramson, Marc. Ethnic Identity in Tang China. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008. Ankerl, George. Co-exi sting Contemporary Civilizations: Arabo-Muslim, Bharati, Chinese, and Western. Geneva: INU press, 2000. Fairbank, John. China: a new history. Cambridge, Mass: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1992. Feis, Herbert. The China Tangle: The American Effort in China from Pearl Harbor to the Marshall Mission. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1953. Feuerwerker, Albert. The Chinese Economy, 1912–1949. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1968. Fung, Edmund. In search of Chinese democracy: civil opposition in Nationalist China, 1929–1949. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Korotayev, Malkov. â€Å"Historical Population Dynamics in China†. Introduction to Social Macrodynamics: Secular Cycles and Millennial Trends, 2006. Laufer, Berthold. 1912 JADE: A Study in Chinese Archaeology Religion. New York: Dover Publications, 1974. MacFarquhar, Roderick. The origins of the Cultural Revolution. London: Oxford University Press, 1974. Murray, Hugh and Cr awfurd, John. An historical and descriptive account of China. Edinburgh London: Oliver Boyd, 1836. Teiwes, Frederick and Warren, Sun. ‘China’s road to disaster: Mao, central politicians, and provincial leaders in the unfolding of the great leap forward, 1955-1959’. Armonk, N.Y: M.E. Sharpe, 1999. Terrill, Ross. 800,000,000: the real China. Boston: Little Brown, 1972. Wilkinson, Endymion. Chinese history: a manual. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University, 2000. Woodward, Thomas. â€Å"The Taiwanese hyperinflation and stabilization of 1945–1952†. Journal of Money, Credit Banking, 1989. Blecher, Marc. â€Å"Hegemony and the Workers’ Politics in China†. The China Quarterly, 2002. Benn, Charles. China’s Golden Age: Everyday Life in the Tang Dynasty. Oxford: Oxford University Press. The Economist. â€Å"Human Development Index, developing humans†, the Economist online, 2010. Lonely planet. â€Å"Map of Hong Kong†, availab le at https://www.lonelyplanet.com/maps/asia/china/hong-kong/ This case study on International Development of China was written and submitted by user Howard Saint to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.